Copper Alloys

Home of Hidurel® and Hiduron®, our own high-strength copper alloys, supplied as bar from UK and US stock.

Grades

Hidurel® 5

UNS C64700

Hidurel® 5 is a high-strength copper-silicon-nickel alloy combining seawater corrosion resistance with good machinability.

Hiduron® 130

Hidurax Special

Hiduron® 130 is a high-strength cupronickel supplied in the hot worked condition, combining seawater corrosion resistance, low magnetic permeability and excellent anti-galling properties without any heat treatment. We stock bar in the UK and USA. Plate, tube and fittings are available on enquiry; forgings and castings to order.

Hiduron® 191

DEF STAN 02-835

Hiduron® 191 is a high-strength copper-nickel alloy with outstanding seawater and biofouling resistance for marine service.

How the grades compare

At a glance: UNS number, defining property, typical applications and the forms we stock for each copper alloys grade.

Copper Alloys grade comparison
GradeUNSKey propertyTypical applicationsForms stocked
Hidurel® 5 C64700 Precipitation-hardening Cu-Ni-Si; high strength with high electrical and thermal conductivity Naval shafts and bolting, bearings, welding electrodes, moulding dies Bar
Hiduron® 130 Hidurax Special One of the highest-strength copper alloys; aluminium-strengthened cupronickel with anti-galling Naval and marine shafts, seals, oil & gas valve and pump components Bar
Hiduron® 191 C72420 Precipitation-hardened cupronickel; strength of duplex with cupronickel corrosion and anti-fouling Naval fasteners, submarine components, subsea bolting, pump shafts Bar

Why specify high-strength copper alloys?

Hidurel® and Hiduron® are precipitation-hardened copper-nickel alloys that go far beyond standard cupronickels and aluminium bronzes:

  • High strength combined with excellent seawater and marine corrosion resistance
  • Resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion cracking
  • Excellent anti-galling, bearing and wear properties, particularly against steels
  • Very low magnetic permeability, suited to naval and sensor applications
  • No loss of impact strength down to -196°C for cryogenic and deep-sea service
  • Strength comparable to 22% chromium duplex stainless steel (Hiduron® 191)

Material tools

Seawater velocity limits

Seawater Velocity Limits

Check a seawater flow velocity against the maximum design velocity for copper and copper-nickel alloys, to avoid impingement (erosion-corrosion) attack. Enter a velocity directly, or work it out from flow rate and pipe bore. Design guidance from CDA / Nickel Institute and BSMA 18.

metres per second (m/s)
Alloy UNS Design velocity BSMA 18 pipe

Design guidance, not a guarantee. Maximum velocities avoid impingement/erosion-corrosion in clean seawater. Limits reduce at small bores (BSMA 18 pipe values apply above ~100 mm bore, reduced below). Local turbulence at bends and fittings, partial blockage, entrained air or sand, and higher temperature all lower the safe velocity. Confirm against the project specification and the product's own data.

Hardness converter

Hardness Converter

Convert between Brinell, Vickers, Rockwell C and Rockwell B, with the approximate tensile strength. Values follow the ASTM A370 conversion tables for non-austenitic steels; nothing is extrapolated beyond the tabulated range.

Convert a hardness value
ASTM A370 / E140
HRC
Approx. tensile strength
-

Conversions are approximate and material-dependent. Based on ASTM A370 hardness conversion tables for non-austenitic steels (equivalent to ASTM E140). Brinell is not reported above about HRC 65, and each Rockwell scale is only valid over its own range - values outside it show as out of range, never extrapolated. Use as a guide, not a substitute for direct measurement on the actual material.

Applications

Valves

For valves in seawater and chloride service, super duplex Ferralium® 255, Alloy 32750 and 32760 give a PREN above 40 with high strength; sour service moves to Alloy 718 and 725, acid to Alloy 625 and 825.

Super duplex (Ferralium® 255, Alloy 32750, 32760) suits seawater and chloride valve duty above PREN 40, with Alloy 718 and 725 for sour service and 625 and 825 for acids.

Pumps

Super duplex is the usual pump-shaft choice, combining a minimum 80 ksi yield with a PREN above 40 for a smaller shaft. Fermonic® 50 suits non-magnetic shafts; Hiduron® 130 suits seawater and firewater.

Super duplex suits most pump shafts, an 80 ksi yield with PREN above 40, while Fermonic® 50 handles non-magnetic duty and Hiduron® 130 seawater and firewater service.

Fasteners

We supply bar to fastener manufacturers and specialist bolting houses across the super duplex, nickel and naval ranges, from general chloride service to subsea bolting without cathodic protection, where a PREN above 40 is the accepted threshold.

We supply bar to fastener and bolting manufacturers across the super duplex, nickel and naval ranges, up to subsea bolting where a PREN above 40 is the accepted threshold.

Shafts

For pump and propeller shafts in seawater, super duplex (Ferralium® 255, Alloy 32750, Alloy 32760) combines high yield with a PREN above 40. Fermonic® 50 for non-magnetic shafts; Alloy 718 and 725 for sour high-strength duty; Hiduron® 130 for anti-fouling and crevice resistance.

For seawater shafts, super duplex (Ferralium® 255, Alloy 32750, 32760) combines high yield with PREN above 40, plus Fermonic® 50 for non-magnetic duty and Hiduron® 130 for idle service.

Bushings & bearings

For bushings, bearings and wear components, the high-strength copper alloys Hidurel® 5 and Hiduron® 130 lead on anti-friction and seawater performance, with anti-galling Fermonic® 60 where metal-to-metal contact is the failure mode and Alloy 316L hollow bar for sleeves and spacers.

High-strength copper alloys Hidurel® 5 and Hiduron® 130 lead on friction and seawater performance, with anti-galling Fermonic® 60 for metal-to-metal contact and Alloy 316L hollow bar for sleeves.

Heat exchangers

For heat-exchanger tubesheets, baffles and pressure parts, duplex 2205 and super duplex resist pitting and stress-corrosion cracking at high strength, nickel Alloy 825 and 625 handle aggressive acids, and Alloy 316L covers milder duty. Seawater-cooled units use the cupronickel Hiduron® 130 for anti-fouling and crevice resistance.

For tubesheets, baffles and pressure parts, duplex 2205 and super duplex resist chloride pitting at strength, Alloy 825 and 625 handle acids, and Hiduron® 130 suits seawater-cooled exchangers.

Marine propulsion

For marine propulsion in seawater, shafts, propellers, rudders and running gear, the high-strength cupronickels Hiduron® 130 and 191 combine seawater and anti-fouling resistance with high strength and low magnetic permeability, alongside Alloy K-500, super duplex Ferralium® 255 for propellers and rudders, and Fermonic® 50 and Hidurel® 5 for shafting.

For seawater propulsion, the high-strength cupronickels Hiduron® 130 and 191 pair corrosion and anti-fouling resistance with strength, alongside Alloy K-500, Ferralium® 255, Fermonic® 50 and Hidurel® 5.

Seawater systems

For seawater cooling, firewater and ballast systems, the wetted components have to resist chloride pitting, crevice corrosion and erosion for the design life of the vessel or platform. Super duplex stainless steels with a PREN above 40 and the copper alloy Hiduron® 130 are the usual choices, with nickel alloys where the service turns acid.

For seawater cooling, firewater and ballast systems, the wetted components have to resist chloride pitting, crevice corrosion and erosion for the design life of the vessel or platform. Super duplex stainless steels with a PREN above 40 and the copper alloy Hiduron® 130 are the usual choices, with nickel alloys where the service turns acid.

Non-magnetic components

Where magnetic signature matters - naval sensors, sonar, mine countermeasures and instrumentation - the component has to combine structural strength with very low magnetic permeability. Fermonic® 50 stays fully non-magnetic even after severe cold work, and the copper alloys Hiduron® 130 and Hidurel® 5 add seawater corrosion resistance where the part is also wetted.

Where magnetic signature matters - naval sensors, sonar, mine countermeasures and instrumentation - the component has to combine structural strength with very low magnetic permeability. Fermonic® 50 stays fully non-magnetic even after severe cold work, and the copper alloys Hiduron® 130 and Hidurel® 5 add seawater corrosion resistance where the part is also wetted.

Naval & submarine fasteners

Fasteners for surface fleet and submarine service face seawater, crevice corrosion in the thread root and, in cathodically protected assemblies, hydrogen. The copper alloys Hiduron® 191 and Hiduron® 130 are specified for naval bolting for their seawater resistance, anti-galling behaviour and freedom from hydrogen embrittlement, with super duplex where a higher PREN with high strength is required.

Fasteners for surface fleet and submarine service face seawater, crevice corrosion in the thread root and, in cathodically protected assemblies, hydrogen. The copper alloys Hiduron® 191 and Hiduron® 130 are specified for naval bolting for their seawater resistance, anti-galling behaviour and freedom from hydrogen embrittlement, with super duplex where a higher PREN with high strength is required.

Sonar & sensor components

Sonar transducers, hull sensors and instrumentation housings combine seawater exposure with a hard limit on magnetic signature. Hiduron® 191 and Hiduron® 130 give seawater corrosion resistance with very low magnetic permeability, and Fermonic® 50 provides a non-magnetic structural grade for sensor fixtures and fittings.

Sonar transducers, hull sensors and instrumentation housings combine seawater exposure with a hard limit on magnetic signature. Hiduron® 191 and Hiduron® 130 give seawater corrosion resistance with very low magnetic permeability, and Fermonic® 50 provides a non-magnetic structural grade for sensor fixtures and fittings.

Weapons handling equipment

Weapons handling and launch equipment on naval vessels needs seawater corrosion resistance, high strength, anti-galling behaviour on moving parts and, in many cases, a low magnetic signature. Hiduron® 191 is specified for weapons handling equipment, with super duplex and Fermonic® grades for structural and moving components.

Weapons handling and launch equipment on naval vessels needs seawater corrosion resistance, high strength, anti-galling behaviour on moving parts and, in many cases, a low magnetic signature. Hiduron® 191 is specified for weapons handling equipment, with super duplex and Fermonic® grades for structural and moving components.

Hydraulic & electrical connectors

Subsea and naval hydraulic and electrical connectors, including flying lead connectors for stab plates, have to resist seawater and crevice corrosion, carry load and, in naval service, keep magnetic signature low. Hiduron® 130 is the established choice, with super duplex where higher strength is needed and Hidurel® 5 for the bearing and sealing parts.

Subsea and naval hydraulic and electrical connectors, including flying lead connectors for stab plates, have to resist seawater and crevice corrosion, carry load and, in naval service, keep magnetic signature low. Hiduron® 130 is the established choice, with super duplex where higher strength is needed and Hidurel® 5 for the bearing and sealing parts.

Winch & deck equipment

Deck machinery, winches, tow and mooring fittings live in salt spray and intermittent immersion under high load. Hiduron® 130 is used for naval winches and tow and winch fittings, Hidurel® 5 for heavily loaded bearing and winch components, and Alloy 316L for general deck hardware in sheltered exposure.

Deck machinery, winches, tow and mooring fittings live in salt spray and intermittent immersion under high load. Hiduron® 130 is used for naval winches and tow and winch fittings, Hidurel® 5 for heavily loaded bearing and winch components, and Alloy 316L for general deck hardware in sheltered exposure.

How do you machine copper-nickel alloys?

The Hidurel® and Hiduron® alloys are high-strength but machine more freely than nickel or duplex grades. Use sharp tooling with firm feeds and adequate coolant; their good anti-galling and bearing characteristics generally give clean finishes.

As precipitation-hardened grades they are normally supplied ready-aged, so no post-machining heat treatment is required.

Common questions

What are cupronickels?

Cupronickels are copper-nickel alloys prized for excellent resistance to seawater corrosion and biofouling. Langley's Hiduron® grades add aluminium and other elements to give far higher strength than standard cupronickels.

What do Hidurel® and Hiduron® mean?

Hidurel® and Hiduron® are trademarks of Langley Alloys for our high-strength, precipitation-hardened copper-nickel alloys, developed for demanding marine, naval and oil and gas applications.

Why is nickel added to copper?

Adding nickel to copper improves strength and, crucially, corrosion and erosion resistance in seawater, producing the cupronickel family used widely in marine engineering.

Are cupronickels magnetic?

Cupronickels have very low magnetic permeability. With Hidurel® 5 below 1.001, they are well suited to naval and sensor applications where a low magnetic signature matters.

How does Hiduron® 191 compare with nickel aluminium bronze?

Hiduron® 191 offers superior corrosion resistance and greater strength and toughness than nickel aluminium bronzes, with strength comparable to 22% chromium duplex stainless steel.

Are these alloys resistant to hydrogen embrittlement?

Yes. Despite their high strength, Hidurel® 5 and the Hiduron® grades resist hydrogen embrittlement, which is why they are chosen for subsea bolting and high-strength fasteners.

History of Hidurel and Hiduron

History of Hidurel® and Hiduron®

Langley Alloys' copper alloys are part of the company's own story. Langley grew out of the copper alloys work of High Duty Alloys, a pioneer of high-performance materials for aerospace, and took its name from its site at Langley in west London. Its speciality from the outset was copper alloys engineered to go far beyond ordinary copper: Hidurel® 5, a copper-nickel-silicon alloy, was used for a major bearing in the Rolls-Royce Merlin engine that powered the Spitfire.

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These are high-strength copper alloys made to do what unalloyed copper cannot. They keep the seawater corrosion resistance, anti-fouling and anti-galling qualities that make cupronickels so valued at sea, while reaching strengths that rival duplex stainless steel. Non-magnetic, non-sparking and resistant to hydrogen embrittlement, they became a natural choice for naval and defence engineering, and more recently for subsea oil and gas, where connectors, shafts and fasteners must last for decades on the seabed.

The family divides neatly. Hidurel® 5 is the original copper-nickel-silicon alloy, valued for bearings and its balance of strength and conductivity. The Hiduron® grades are precipitation-hardened cupronickels: Hiduron® 130, Langley's highest-strength copper alloy, developed for naval service, and Hiduron® 191, developed later for greater impact toughness, which meets the British defence specifications DEF STAN 02-835 and NES 835.

The corrosion resistance of a cupronickel with the strength of duplex stainless steel, engineered by Langley.

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