Material Calculators
Practical tools for engineers, specifiers and buyers working in specialist alloys. Pick from over 200 grades across stainless, duplex, nickel, titanium and copper and the tools fill in the density, composition and cross-references for you. Grades stocked by the Langley Group are flagged throughout.
Weight Calculator
Round bar, tube and hollow bar, flat bar and plate, hexagon bar, and rings or discs.
Choose a grade and the density is filled from Langley Group stock data. Totals update live.
Cylinders round bar, tube, hollow bar
| Description | O.D. | I.D. | Length | Qty | Weight (kg) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cylinders | 0.00 | |||||
Flat bar & plate width x breadth x length
| Description | Width | Breadth | Length | Qty | Weight (kg) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flat & plate | 0.00 | |||||
Hexagons hexagon bar, across flats (A/F)
| Description | A/F | Length | Qty | Weight (kg) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hexagons | 0.00 | ||||
Rings & discs O.D. x I.D. x thickness (I.D. 0 for a disc)
| Description | O.D. | I.D. | Thickness | Qty | Weight (kg) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rings & discs | 0.00 | |||||
Equivalents Finder
Type a UNS number, EN or Werkstoff number, ASTM spec or common trade name and find the Langley grade and its cross-references. Try "1.4462", "S32760", "SAF 2507" or "Inconel 625".
PREN Calculator
Enter a composition in weight %. For the full explanation, formula and FAQs, see the PREN calculator page.
Always confirm against the grade's own datasheet before specifying.
Hardness Converter
Convert between Brinell, Vickers, Rockwell C and Rockwell B, with the approximate tensile strength. Values follow the ASTM A370 conversion tables for non-austenitic steels; nothing is extrapolated beyond the tabulated range.
Conversions are approximate and material-dependent. Based on ASTM A370 hardness conversion tables for non-austenitic steels (equivalent to ASTM E140). Brinell is not reported above about HRC 65, and each Rockwell scale is only valid over its own range - values outside it show as out of range, never extrapolated. Use as a guide, not a substitute for direct measurement on the actual material.
Pitting & Crevice Resistance
Rank alloys by PREN and get an indicative pitting temperature for a chloride service. Pick a grade and a service temperature to see whether it has margin against pitting, or compare the range in the table below. A first-pass screen for chloride and seawater service.
| Grade | UNS | PREN | Indicative CPT | Relative pitting resistance |
|---|
Indicative screen, not a certified result. PREN ranks pitting resistance; the pitting temperature here is estimated from PREN (CPT ≈ 2.5 × PREN - 50), consistent with Langley's "PREN >40, CPT exceeding 50°C" for super duplex. Real critical pitting/crevice temperature depends on test method, product form, surface finish and service chemistry. Crevice corrosion starts well below the pitting temperature - allow a margin at gaskets, deposits and flange faces. Use certified data for design.
Sour-Service Screen
Work out whether a service is sour from the H2S partial pressure, and see each alloy's NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 status and hardness limit. A first-pass screen for oil & gas material selection - the full environmental envelope for a grade is set in ISO 15156-3 Annex A.
Candidate grade
| Grade | Family | NACE status | Hardness limit |
|---|
First-pass screen only. This shows whether the service is sour (from H2S partial pressure) and each material group's NACE MR0175 hardness limit and general suitability. It does not reproduce the full environmental windows (maximum H2S partial pressure, temperature, chloride, in-situ pH per grade) - those are in ISO 15156-3 Annex A and must be checked there for the specific grade, product form and condition. Qualification also depends on heat treatment, cold work and welding.
Seawater Velocity Limits
Check a seawater flow velocity against the maximum design velocity for copper and copper-nickel alloys, to avoid impingement (erosion-corrosion) attack. Enter a velocity directly, or work it out from flow rate and pipe bore. Design guidance from CDA / Nickel Institute and BSMA 18.
| Alloy | UNS | Design velocity | BSMA 18 pipe |
|---|
Design guidance, not a guarantee. Maximum velocities avoid impingement/erosion-corrosion in clean seawater. Limits reduce at small bores (BSMA 18 pipe values apply above ~100 mm bore, reduced below). Local turbulence at bends and fittings, partial blockage, entrained air or sand, and higher temperature all lower the safe velocity. Confirm against the project specification and the product's own data.
Pipe Pressure (Barlow)
Barlow's formula, P = 2 x S x t / OD, relates internal pressure to wall thickness for a given allowable stress. Enter any three to solve the fourth. Allowable / design stress is your responsibility per the applicable code.
OD and wall in mm. In "solve wall" mode, enter a target pressure in bar.
Thin-wall approximation; excludes design factors, corrosion allowance and joint efficiency. For guidance, not for design certification.
Pipe & Tube Dimensions
Standard outside diameter and wall thickness by nominal size and schedule, to ASME B36.10M (carbon & alloy steel) and B36.19M (stainless). Bore is the outside diameter minus twice the wall.
Nominal dimensions only; does not account for manufacturing tolerance or ovality.
Bar Length & Offcut
Turn weight into length, and plan cutting yield. Uses the same grade densities as the weight tool.
Cutting yield
Thermal Expansion
Length change over a temperature range, from each grade's mean coefficient of thermal expansion. Change in length = L x alpha x change in temperature.
Differential Expansion
Difference in thermal expansion between two grades over a temperature range - the clearance or interference that opens up between dissimilar materials. Positive means grade A grows more than grade B.
Galvanic Compatibility
A quick check of two metals in contact in seawater, based on their separation in the galvanic series. The metal lower in the series (more anodic) corrodes preferentially.
A quick check of two metals in contact in seawater, based on their separation in the galvanic series; the more anodic metal corrodes preferentially. Guidance only; real behaviour depends on area ratio, flow, temperature and coatings.
This same block is used as a standalone reference strip on the Marine & offshore sector page.
Unit Converters
The everyday conversions when reading datasheets and specs. Type in any field and the others follow.
Tensile and yield strength. 1 ksi = 6.894757 MPa.
Charpy and Izod impact energy. 1 ft-lb = 1.355818 J.
Approximate, per ASTM E140 / A370 steel tables. Indicative and material dependent.
Service and heat-treatment temperatures.
1 inch = 25.4 mm.
1 bar = 14.5038 psi = 0.1 MPa.
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