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There are perhaps 400 or more different copper-based alloys.

S32205 (F60) is produced to the upper end of the alloy specification of S31803 (F51), to give improved corrosion resistance.

With such a wide range of different alloys available, it is quite possible that several may all be suitable for a given application.

Nickel-Copper alloys are those where copper is the main alloying element to a base nickel composition.

Inconel is a trademark belonging to Special Metal Inc and applied to a family of nickel – chrome alloys.

Incoloy is a trademark belonging to Special Metal Inc and applied to a family of nickel – iron – chrome alloys.

Monel is a trademark belonging to Special Metal Inc and applied to a family of nickel – copper alloys.

One of the main advantages of nickel-based alloys is their ability to operate at elevated temperatures compared with other alloys.

Nickel alloys will corrode in the same way as stainless steels if exposed to suitably corrosive environments.

Nickel is added to copper in order to greatly improve its strength and corrosion resistance.

Nickel based alloys have nickel as the main balancing metal and generally achieve both excellent temperature and corrosion resistance.

Duplex stainless steel is produced through a multi-stage steelmaking and forming process route.