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Improvements have been made to the composition, reducing impurities and associated inclusions, plus improved heat treatment.

Ferralium is the original super duplex stainless steel, developed by Langley Alloys throughout the 1960’s and a patent in 1967.

Alloy 625 and Alloy 725 are nearly identical in composition, but Alloy 725 is appreciably higher strength.

Alloy 316 offers improved corrosion performance over Alloy 304, by virtue of an increased molybdenum content.

Cupronickel alloys provide excellent corrosion resistance, particularly in seawater.

In principle, a cupronickel can contain between 1% and 49% nickel, such that copper remains the main element.

Cupronickels have a very low magnetic permeability <1.01.

Copper is an excellent electrical conductor, only bettered by silver, explaining why it is used in domestic electrical wiring.

There is negligible difference in the composition of Alloy K500 versus Alloy 400, but Alloy K500 is appreciably stronger.

Copper has excellent thermal conductivity, explaining its widespread use in household implements such as pots and pans.

Brasses are copper-based alloys with additions of zinc. They are typically very formable and bright yellow in appearance.

Bronzes are copper-based alloys typically with additions of tin, aluminium and silicon.